Algorithms - An unambiguous set of steps, which when performed correctly by a processor, will result in a process being carried out in a finite time.
In other words, it is a specific set step-by-step instructions that are used to accomplish a task.
An example of an algorithm would be making a cup of coffee.
1. boil the water,
2. place coffee in the cup,
3. place sugar in the cup,
4. add the boiling water,
5. add milk,
6. stir.
Q1) Examine the algorithm above. What two properties of the algorithm enable it to correctly describe the solution to the problem of making a cup of coffee? What is it that makes an algorithm correct?(Hint: what would happen if you swapped step "6" and step "2"?)
-The order of each instruction in an algorithm enable it to correctly describe the solution. If those steps were to be executed in any order, it wouldn't be able to properly complete the task.
- Precise intructions. If the method wasn't clear, then making a cup of coffee wouldn't be possible.
Q2) Define Algorithms for the following processes:
Posting a letter-
1. Get a paper to write on
2. Think of what you want to write in the letter.
3. Write the date on the top of the page. (preferrably to the top right)
4. Write the recipent's name and address below the date.
5. Leave some space below the recipent's address.
6. Start writing the letter with a proper greeting such as "Dear" or "To whom it may concern"
7. Write an opening paragraph. Asking "how are you?" if it's a casual letter. If it's a business letter, go straight to the point that you want to discuss with the recipent.
8. Write the body of the letter.
9. Write the conclusion of the letter.
10. Write the closing of the letter like "yours sincerely" or "love from" then write your name and signature.
11. Write your adress in the back of the envelope and write the recipent's address in the middle of the front of the envelope.
12. Go to the post shop, then purchase a stamp.
13. Stick the stamp on the envelope.
14. Give the letter to the person working in the post office, or drop it inside the postbox.
Making toast-
1. Get the toaster and plug it in the powerpoint.
2. Go to the fridge and get the bread that you want to toast from the fridge.
3. Put the bread inside the toaster and turn on the toaster.
4. After the bread has popped out of the toaster, or if your toaster makes a "ding" sound, take the bread out and put it on a plate.
Calling a friend on the phone-
1. Think of which friend you want to call.
2. Find your friend's phone number from the phone book.
3. Dial your friend's number on the phone.
4. If your friend's family member answers the phone, ask politely for him/her.
5. Talk to your friend.
Friday, August 14, 2009
Monday, May 25, 2009
Computing anywhere, anytime!
A netbook is a laptop that is smaller and more portable. It is mainly used for surfing the internet because of its computing power. It doesn't have the hard disk drive capacity that desktops and laptops have. Therefore, it is used for the internet and running web-based applications. Netbook users like the feeling of 'freedom' because of its portability. Netbooks are also more affordable than laptops with a price ranging from $200 - $500.
The major drawbacks of netbooks are:
-minimal strorage (small amount of RAM and HDD)
-Low-power CPU's
-Cramped keyboards
-Small screens
Cloud computing is computing with all the resources and services made available through the internet. The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in computer network programs, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals.
The applications that google docs offer online are word processors, spreadsheet, presentation and form applications.
Documents stored online on google docs are more convenient to share with other people and does not need to be stored on the computer.
The advantages that students and teachers find in google docs is that it is more easier to submit documents because it is done online. This means that printing, attaching to emails, downloading word documents and other methods for sharing are not necessary.
I don't really have a netbook to suit my needs because I have a tendency to download a lot of files and install a lot of big programs. I don't really require portable computers because I normally stay in one spot.
The major drawbacks of netbooks are:
-minimal strorage (small amount of RAM and HDD)
-Low-power CPU's
-Cramped keyboards
-Small screens
Cloud computing is computing with all the resources and services made available through the internet. The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on how the Internet is depicted in computer network programs, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals.
The applications that google docs offer online are word processors, spreadsheet, presentation and form applications.
Documents stored online on google docs are more convenient to share with other people and does not need to be stored on the computer.
The advantages that students and teachers find in google docs is that it is more easier to submit documents because it is done online. This means that printing, attaching to emails, downloading word documents and other methods for sharing are not necessary.
I don't really have a netbook to suit my needs because I have a tendency to download a lot of files and install a lot of big programs. I don't really require portable computers because I normally stay in one spot.
Friday, May 22, 2009
Internet addresses activity
1) URL(Uniform Resource Locator)- The address of a webpage/website on the internet.
2) IP(Internet Protocol) Address- An address that is a numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network. It is the number equivalent to the network.
3) Given our school website's URL is http://www.mcauley.nsw.edu.au, the domain name is mcauley.nsw.edu.au. The protocol that is needed to access the site would be Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
4) An octet is the four numbers in our IP addresses. They are called octets because they have eight positions when viewed in binary numbers. If all positions are added together, it would equal to 32. This is why IP addresses are considered at 32-bit numbers.
2) IP(Internet Protocol) Address- An address that is a numerical identification (logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network. It is the number equivalent to the network.
3) Given our school website's URL is http://www.mcauley.nsw.edu.au, the domain name is mcauley.nsw.edu.au. The protocol that is needed to access the site would be Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
4) An octet is the four numbers in our IP addresses. They are called octets because they have eight positions when viewed in binary numbers. If all positions are added together, it would equal to 32. This is why IP addresses are considered at 32-bit numbers.
Determine your IP address
1) An octet is the four numbers in our IP addresses. They are called octets because they have eight positions when viewed in binary numbers. If all positions are added together, it would equal to 32. This is why IP addresses are considered at 32-bit numbers.
2) The class of IP address that we are using is Class C. IP addresses with a first octet from 192 to 223 are part of this class. Class C addresses also include the second and third octets as part of the Net identifier. The last octet is used to identify each host.
2) The class of IP address that we are using is Class C. IP addresses with a first octet from 192 to 223 are part of this class. Class C addresses also include the second and third octets as part of the Net identifier. The last octet is used to identify each host.
Monday, May 11, 2009
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is a second generation of the internet which refers to web-based applications that allows users to communicate, collaborate, share information and inter-operate online without the need for installed programmes on the computer. Web 2.0 isn't just one program, it's the internet itself; it's the generation of the internet.
In other words, anything can be done using the internet.
An example of web 2.0 is Google Docs.
It is a free web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation and form application offered by google. In other words, google docs allows users to create word documents, spreadsheets, etc online without the need of microsoft office.
Flickr and Photobucket is also a good example. It allows users to share media online.
Websites such as Picnik is a web-based application for editing photos without the need for programmes such as Photobucket.
Blogger and Livejournal is a blogging application and can be used for various purposes:
-Personal (Diary or commentary by an individual)
-Corporate (For business purposes)
-Questioning (Used to answer questions)
Youtube is a popular website which allows users to share videos online.
The internet is evolving and the examples that I have listed shows that. The things that we are capable of doing now wasn't available 10 years ago. Web 2.0 is a new generation that describes the internet, we can see how fast our technology is moving forward.
In other words, anything can be done using the internet.
An example of web 2.0 is Google Docs.
It is a free web-based word processor, spreadsheet, presentation and form application offered by google. In other words, google docs allows users to create word documents, spreadsheets, etc online without the need of microsoft office.
Flickr and Photobucket is also a good example. It allows users to share media online.
Websites such as Picnik is a web-based application for editing photos without the need for programmes such as Photobucket.
Blogger and Livejournal is a blogging application and can be used for various purposes:
-Personal (Diary or commentary by an individual)
-Corporate (For business purposes)
-Questioning (Used to answer questions)
Youtube is a popular website which allows users to share videos online.
The internet is evolving and the examples that I have listed shows that. The things that we are capable of doing now wasn't available 10 years ago. Web 2.0 is a new generation that describes the internet, we can see how fast our technology is moving forward.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Key Terms
1) Protocol- rules determining the format and transmission of data
2) TCP/IP(Internet Protocol Suite)- Set of communications protocols used for the internet and other similar networks.
HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)- A protocol to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers. It is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. Its use for retrieving inter-linked resources led to the establishment of the World Wide Web.
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)- The Internet standard protocol for transferring electronic mail messages from one computer to another. SMTP specifies how two mail systems interact and the format of control messages they exchange to transfer mail.
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)- A network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over a TCP computer network, such as the internet. FTP is the simplest way to transfer files between computers. It is used to upload web page files from one computer to another.
3)GUI(Graphical User Interface)- An type of user interface which allows people to communicate with electronic devices (such as computers, mp3 players, portable media and gaming devices) through the use of images rather than just text and numbers.
4) There are two methods of data transmission:
Serial- Sends data one bit(binary digit) one at a time along a single communication path.
Parallel- sends the bits simulataneously, resulting in a fast communication speed, but does not work well over long distances.
5) URL(Uniform Resource Locator) - The internet website address.
6) Error detection is the way to detect errors caused by noise or impairments when transmitting data to the receiver.
7) A common method of error detection is checksum. A checksum of a message is an arithmetic sum of message code words of a certain word length, for example byte values, and their carry value. The sum is negated by means of ones-complement, and stored or transferred as an extra code word extending the message.
On the receiver side, a new checksum may be calculated from the extended message. If the new checksum is not 0, an error has been detected.
8) HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) is the most common markup language used for webpages. It designs the layout and structure of text-based information. It is important because it gives webpages their structure. Without it, information would be displayed as plain, with no layout at all.
Examples of HTML include :
BOLD
Italics
Underline
Strikeout
2) TCP/IP(Internet Protocol Suite)- Set of communications protocols used for the internet and other similar networks.
HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)- A protocol to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers. It is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. Its use for retrieving inter-linked resources led to the establishment of the World Wide Web.
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)- The Internet standard protocol for transferring electronic mail messages from one computer to another. SMTP specifies how two mail systems interact and the format of control messages they exchange to transfer mail.
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)- A network protocol used to exchange and manipulate files over a TCP computer network, such as the internet. FTP is the simplest way to transfer files between computers. It is used to upload web page files from one computer to another.
3)GUI(Graphical User Interface)- An type of user interface which allows people to communicate with electronic devices (such as computers, mp3 players, portable media and gaming devices) through the use of images rather than just text and numbers.
4) There are two methods of data transmission:
Serial- Sends data one bit(binary digit) one at a time along a single communication path.
Parallel- sends the bits simulataneously, resulting in a fast communication speed, but does not work well over long distances.
5) URL(Uniform Resource Locator) - The internet website address.
6) Error detection is the way to detect errors caused by noise or impairments when transmitting data to the receiver.
7) A common method of error detection is checksum. A checksum of a message is an arithmetic sum of message code words of a certain word length, for example byte values, and their carry value. The sum is negated by means of ones-complement, and stored or transferred as an extra code word extending the message.
On the receiver side, a new checksum may be calculated from the extended message. If the new checksum is not 0, an error has been detected.
8) HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) is the most common markup language used for webpages. It designs the layout and structure of text-based information. It is important because it gives webpages their structure. Without it, information would be displayed as plain, with no layout at all.
Examples of HTML include :
BOLD
Italics
Underline
Pararaph
HTML is written in "tags" surrounded by angle brackets
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
History of the internet
1) The internet originated when the United States formed the Defence Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) secure their lead technology. They developed what was known as ARPANET, which was a large scale computer network to transfer information. Three other network concepts was developed: RAND Corporation (military network), National Physical Laboratory (commercial network) and Cyclades (scientific network). All four of those network concepts were the origin of the internet.
2) The people who were responsible for creating the internet was DARPA, RAND Corporation, National Physical Laboratory and Cyclades.
3) The system that immediately preceded the internet was ARPANET. It was created for the purpose of information tranfer and to avoid doubling up of already existing research.
4) An IP Packet is a formatted unit of data that is sent through a packet mode computer network. Data is formatted into packets to avoid congestion when being transferred from computer to computer. IP Packets are comprised of a header and payload(user data).
5) TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It uses a sequence number to identify every byte of data. It distinguishes the order of each byte as they are sent from a computer so that they can be transferred reliably. By doing so, lost packets can be identified and retransmitted by the sender.
2) The people who were responsible for creating the internet was DARPA, RAND Corporation, National Physical Laboratory and Cyclades.
3) The system that immediately preceded the internet was ARPANET. It was created for the purpose of information tranfer and to avoid doubling up of already existing research.
4) An IP Packet is a formatted unit of data that is sent through a packet mode computer network. Data is formatted into packets to avoid congestion when being transferred from computer to computer. IP Packets are comprised of a header and payload(user data).
5) TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It uses a sequence number to identify every byte of data. It distinguishes the order of each byte as they are sent from a computer so that they can be transferred reliably. By doing so, lost packets can be identified and retransmitted by the sender.
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